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Ant.: negative study A study that has obtained statistically significant results, indicating that the intervention being studied probably has a beneficial effect. Note: This term can generate confusion because it refers both to statistical significance and the direction of effect. Since studies often have many outcome indicators, the criteria defining a “positive” study are not always clear and, in the case of studies on a risk or given adverse effects, for example, positive studies are those that show a harmful effect.


and • provides information on costs and financial impact. Note 2: The report may optionally discuss organisational considerations. Note 3: A “mini-HTA” may be as rigorous as an HTA report but typically has a restricted scope and so is quicker to produce. Note 4: Related terms include health technology, HTA report, rapid review, level of evidence